Display optimization techniques for micro-LED devices and arrays

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods to achieve desired color accuracy, power consumption, and gamma correction in an array of pixels of a micro-LED display. The method and system provides an array of pixels, wherein each pixel comprising a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in a matrix and a driving circuitry configured to provide an individual emission control signal to each sub-pixel of each pixel in the array of pixels to independently control an emission time and a duty cycle of each sub-pixel.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. Nonprovisional applicationSer. No. 17/015,024, filed Sep. 8, 2020, now allowed, which is acontinuation of U.S. Nonprovisional application Ser. No. 16/126,444,filed Sep. 10, 2018, which claims the benefit of U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 62/556,608, filed Sep. 11, 2017, each of which is herebyincorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure relates generally to micro LED displays and, moreparticularly, to a micro LED display system and method for improvingdynamic range, power consumption and color and gamma correction of themicro LED display.

SUMMARY

Briefly stated, technologies are generally described herein to achievedesired color accuracy, power consumption, and gamma correction in anarray of pixels of a micro-LED display. Using the technologies describedherein, either the duty cycles or the emission times of sub-pixelsarranged in a matrix for each pixel of the micro-LED display may beadjusted to tune the display color without affecting the gamma.

According to one embodiment, a display device may be provided. Thedisplay device may include an array of pixels, wherein each pixel maycomprising a plurality of subpixels arranged in a matrix. The displaydevice may also include a driving circuitry configured to provide anindividual emission control signal to each sub-pixel of each pixel inthe array of pixels to independently control an emission time and a dutycycle of each sub-pixel.

According to other embodiment, a method for controlling a pixel circuitof an array of pixel circuits of a display device comprising a pluralityof subpixels may include providing an individual emission control signalto each sub-pixel of each pixel in the array of pixel circuitsindependently to control an emission time and a duty cycle of thesub-pixels.

The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be inany way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments,and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and featureswill become apparent by reference to the drawings and the followingdetailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing and additional aspects and embodiments of the presentdisclosure will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art inview of the detailed description of various embodiments and/or aspects,which is made with reference to the drawings, a brief description ofwhich is provided next.

FIG. 1 a is a circuit diagram showing individual emission (EM) controlsignal for sub-pixel elements.

FIG. 1B is a timing diagram illustrating an example of three differentemission time created by three individual EM signal.

FIG. 1 c is a timing diagram illustrating an example of controlling theemission time of each sub-pixel.

FIG. 2 a-2 b diagrammatic illustrations of a power optimized displaydriving scheme.

While the present disclosure is susceptible to various modifications andalternative forms, specific embodiments or implementations have beenshown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detailherein. It should be understood, however, that the disclosure is notintended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, thedisclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternativesfalling within the spirit and scope of an invention as defined by theappended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Color Share and Gamma Adjustment

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used hereinhave the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill inthe art to which this invention belongs.

As used in the specification and claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictatesotherwise.

The term “comprising” as used herein will be understood to mean that thelist following is non-exhaustive and may or may not include any otheradditional suitable items, for example one or more further feature(s),component(s) and/or element(s) as appropriate.

In this description, the term “sub-pixel” and “micro device” are usedinterchangeably. However, it is clear to one skill in the art that theembodiments described here are independent of the device size. Eachpixel and sub-pixel used in the description is a light emittingmicro-device (Micro-LED).

Micro-LEDs, in general, tend to have a nonlinear current-luminanceefficiency (Cd/A) as a function of the drive current. Thischaracteristic may often include a peak of efficiency at a certaincurrent level. A display module may consists an array (active orpassive) of pixels. Each pixel itself may comprised of multiplesub-pixels (RGB, RGBW, RGBY, or other combination of color elements,e.g. blue with light conversion). In order to get a target “white-point”(W_(x,y)), it may be required to mix certain ratios of the colorelements. For instance, for given Red (R_(x,y)), Green (G_(x,y)), andBlue (B_(x,y)) elements, one can use share factors to create the wantedcolor based on the sum of all the sets, such asK _(R) .R _(x,y) +K _(G.) G _(x,y) +K _(B) .B _(x,y) =W _(x,y)  (1)

where Ki's are the share factors for the tri-color set and x,y are twocolor coordinates that specify a point on a CIE chromaticity diagram,which represents the mapping of human color perception in terms of thetwo CIE parameters x and y.

In some applications, it may be required to drive the micro-LEDs at thecurrent level corresponding to the peak efficiency. In this scenario,the desired output luminance level may be achieved using modulationtechniques, e.g. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). Accordingly, a duty-cycleof the emission (EM) control signal will determine the luminance level.However, in order to achieve the desired white-point, one cannot applythe same duty cycle to each of the color elements. The duty-cycle refersto the total amount of time a pulse is ‘on’ over the duration of thecycle/frame.

FIG. 1 a is a circuit diagram showing individual EM signals forsub-pixel elements. The driving circuitry 100 includes a plurality ofemission control signals (102, 104, 106) and a plurality of data lines(108, 110, 112) extending to a pixel 120 having a plurality ofsub-pixels elements (114, 116 and 118).

As shown in FIG. 1 a , instead of providing combined emission controlfor each pixel 120, a driving circuitry 100 consisting of threeindividual EM control signals EM_(R) 102, EM_(G) 104, and EM_(B) 106 foreach subpixel (R 114, G 116, B 118) may be provided to facilitateproportional contribution of color elements. The driving circuitry 100may be configured to provide an individual emission control signal toeach sub-pixel of each pixel in the array of pixels to independentlycontrol an emission time and a duty cycle of the sub-pixels.

By controlling emission control signals EM_(R) 102, EM_(G) 104 andEM_(B) 106 of sub-pixels rather than pixels, a desired luminance may beachieved. Thus, a first emission control signal e.g. EM_(R) 102 isprovided concurrently to each sub-pixel of a first color in at least onerow of pixels, a second emission control signal e.g. EM_(G) 104 isprovided concurrently to each sub-pixel of a second color in at leastthe one row of pixels, and a third emission control signal e.g. EM_(B)106 is provided concurrently to each sub-pixel of a third color in atleast the row of pixels. The first color may be provided as red, thesecond color may be provided as green, and the third color may beprovided as blue.

In one embodiment, a fourth emission control signal may be provided toeach sub-pixel of a fourth color in at least one row of pixels in thearray of pixels, wherein the fourth color is one of cyan, white, andyellow. The emission control signal may be a pulse-width-modulation(PWM) signal.

FIG. 1B is a timing diagram illustrating an example of three differentemission time created by three individual EM signals EM_(R) 102, EM_(G)104 and EM_(B) 106. Here, a frame may start with a off time due toprograming or another requirement. Then, the three EM control signals102, 104, 106 of subpixels are enabled. In one case, all three emissionsignals may be enabled at the same time, or they may be enabled atdifferent time during a frame time 120. In an example as demonstrated inFIG. 1B, the first color (e.g. red) has longer emission time 126 tooperate at its peak efficiency and meeting display requirements. Thesecond color (e.g. green) has a shorter emission time 124 and the thirdcolor (e.g. blue) can have a different emission time 122 as well.Despite simplicity, the main challenge with this approach can be thecolor mixing.

To address this challenge, each emission is turned on and off multipletimes at different duty cycle during the frame time 120 as demonstratedin FIG. 1 c . FIG. 1 c is a timing diagram illustrating an example ofcontrolling the emission time of each sub-pixel. As shown in FIG. 1 c ,different duty cycles 132, 134, and 136 are used for controlling theemission time of each subpixels. Moreover, there can be black framebefore or after a combination of few toggles.

Either the duty cycles 132, 134, 136 or the emission times 122, 124, 126as demonstrated in FIG. 1B and FIG. 1 c can be adjusted to tune thedisplay color without affecting the gamma. For example, if for someapplication, the display needs to have a white point more towards red,the red emission time 122 (or red duty cycle 136) can be increased toprovide more red light.

For illustrative purposes, only one pixel 120 is explicitly shown in theFIG. 1 a . It is understood that it is not limited to a particularnumber of rows and columns of pixels. For example, a display system canbe implemented with a display screen with a number of rows and columnsof pixels commonly available in displays for mobile devices,monitor-based devices, and/or projection-devices. In a multichannel orcolor display, a number of different types of pixels, each responsiblefor reproducing color of a particular channel or color such as red,green, or blue, will be present in the display. Pixels of this kind mayalso be referred to as “subpixels” as a group of them collectivelyprovide a desired color at a particular row and column of the display,which group of subpixels may collectively also be referred to as a“pixel”.

Power Optimization and Dynamic Range Enhancement

Displays configured to display a video feed of moving images typicallyrefresh the display at a regular frequency for each frame of the videofeed being displayed. Displays incorporating an active matrix can allowindividual pixel circuits to be programmed with display informationduring a program phase and then emit light according to the displayinformation during an emission phase. Thus, displays operate with a dutycycle characterized by the relative durations of the program phase andthe emission phase. In addition, the displays operate with a frequencythat is characterized by the refresh rate of the display. The refreshrate of the display can also be influenced by the frame rate of thevideo stream. In such displays, the display can be darkened duringprogram phases while the pixel circuits are receiving programminginformation. Thus, in some displays, the display is repeatedly darkenedand brightened at the refresh rate of the display. A viewer of thedisplay can undesirably perceive that the display is flickeringdepending on the frequency of the refresh rate.

A frame defines the time period that includes a programming cycle orphase during which each and every pixel in the display system isprogrammed with a programming voltage indicative of a brightness and adriving or emission cycle or phase during which each light emittingdevice in each pixel is turned on to emit light at a brightnesscommensurate with the programming voltage stored in a storage element. Aframe is thus one of many still images that compose a complete movingpicture displayed on the display system.

There are at least two schemes for programming and driving the pixels:row-by-row, or frame-by-frame. In row-by-row programming, a row ofpixels is programmed and then driven before the next row of pixels isprogrammed and driven. In frame-by-frame programming, all rows of pixelsin the display system are programmed first, and all of the pixels aredriven at the same time. Either scheme can employ a blanking time at thebeginning or end of each frame during which the pixels are not emittingany light.

For emissive displays, the current of the emissive device is controlledby the pixel circuit to create different grayscales during each framecycle. In one case, the amount of the current is controlled. The mainchallenge with this method is that some emissive devices (e.g.micro-LEDs) have efficiency curves that drops at lower current andhigher current densities. Another method is to control the duration ofthe current applied to the pixel for each grayscale. There are severalissues associated with this approach. However, the main one is thetiming. The high resolution and high frame rate displays cannotaccommodate the timing needed for this approach.

In one embodiment, the frame timing is adjusted so that the emissivedevice is working on optimized current density most of the time. Forexample, if the display is working mainly at a specific brightness, theduty cycles 132, 134, 136 or emission times 122, 124, 126 as shown inFIGS. 1 b and 1 c can be adjusted so that the emissive device currentdensity is optimized for such brightness. For example, the red emissivedevice optimized current density can be J_(r-opt). If the red pixel ison during the entire frame time at such current density, the display canproduce brightness B_(r-full). If the major red brightness is B_(r-mj),the emissive time 122 can be calculated as T_(f)*B_(r-full)/B_(r-mj)where T_(f) is the frame time. Similarly, one can calculate the dutycycle 132 for red.

In another embodiment, one method to find the major brightness, is touse the peak brightness and the applications. For example, videos aremainly running at 30% of peak brightness.

In yet another embodiment, another method to find the optimize dutycycles 132, 134, 136 and emission times 122, 124, 126 is to evaluate theframe data to find the optimized duty cycle. In one case, the majorbrightness is calculated for the frame to find the proper value for theduty cycles or emission times. In another method, an optimizationalgorithm is run to find a global or a local optimized value for theduty cycles or the emission times. The same method can be used formultiple frames instead of one frame.

In another method, the frame can be divided into several sub frames andthe emission times or the duty cycles that are optimized for each subframes for a power consumption of different ranges of gray scales. Theseoptimizations can be done similar to the one done for a single subframe.

FIG. 2 a-2 b depicts two examples of power optimized display drivingscheme. A panel driving scheme comprises plurality of sub-frame cyclesin which at least one gray-scale level may be optimized to achieve lowerpower consumption.

In the driving scheme of FIG. 2 a , a panel driving scheme 200 acomprises a frame having a plurality of sub-frame cycles such as lowgrayscale emission time 2221 and no emission 2081 for low grayscalesubframe 2061 and high grayscale emission time 222 h and no emission 208h for high grayscale subframe 206 h during a frame time 220. Asillustrated in FIG. 2 a , the emission time 2221, 222 h optimization forboth low and high grayscale ranges is used. Every row of the displayarray is accessed only twice during each frame time 220 to refresh thepixel contents within that row according to the optimized video data.The row access interval may be separated by one or more row times.Accordingly, in this driving scheme, the memory buffer depth requirementmay be limited to the number of rows between two consecutive accessintervals.

In the driving scheme 200 b of FIG. 2 b , the duty cycle optimization isused. Here, the duty cycle 2321 and 232 h is optimized for two range ofgrayscales (e.g. low and high) to achieve the lowest power consumption.

According to some examples, a display device may be provided. Thedisplay device may comprising an array of pixels, wherein each pixelcomprising a plurality of subpixels arranged in a matrix and a drivingcircuitry configured to provide an individual emission control signal toeach sub-pixel of each pixel in the array of pixels to independentlycontrol a emission time and a duty cycle of each sub-pixel.

According to another embodiments, the display may further include afirst emission control signal may be provided concurrently to eachsub-pixel of a first color in at least one row of pixels, a secondemission control signal may be provided concurrently to each sub-pixelof a second color in at least the one row of pixels, and a thirdemission control signal may be provided concurrently to each sub-pixelof a third color in at least the row of pixels. The first color may bered, the second color may be green, and the third color may be blue.

Another to some embodiments, the display may further comprising a fourthemission control signal may be provided to each sub-pixel of a fourthcolor in the array of pixels, wherein the fourth color is one of cyan,white, and yellow.

According to further embodiments, the emission control signal may be apulse-width-modulation (PWM) signal and each pixel and sub-pixel may bea micro-light emitting device (LED).

According to yet further embodiments, the first, second and thirdemission control signals may be enabled at a same time or a differenttime during a frame time. The first, second and third emission controlsignals may turned on and off multiple times at different duty cycleduring the frame time.

According to further examples, the emission time or the duty cycle foreach sub-pixel may dynamically adjusted to tune the display device colorand optimize power consumption.

According to some embodiments, a frame data may be evaluated to find theoptimized duty cycle and the emission time. An optimization algorithmmay be employed to calculate a global or a local optimized value for theduty cycle or the emission time for each sub-pixel. The duty cycle maybe optimized for two range of grayscales to achieve the lowest powerconsumption.

According to other embodiments, a method for controlling a pixel circuitof an array of pixel circuits of a display device, the pixel circuitcomprising a plurality of subpixels may include providing an individualemission control signal to each sub-pixel of each pixel in the array ofpixel circuits independently to control an emission time and a dutycycle of the sub-pixels.

According to some embodiments, the emission time or the duty cycle foreach sub-pixel may dynamically adjusted to tune the display device colorand optimize power consumption.

According to another embodiments, a frame data may evaluated to find theoptimized duty cycle and the emission time. an optimization algorithmmay be employed to calculate a global or a local optimized value for theduty cycle or the emission time for each sub-pixel. The duty cycle mayoptimized for two range of grayscales to achieve the lowest powerconsumption.

According to yet other embodiments, the emission control signal may be apulse-width-modulation (PWM) signal. Each pixel and sub-pixel is amicro-light emitting device (LED).

According to some other embodiments, the method may further comprisingproviding a first emission control signal concurrently to each sub-pixelof a first color in at least one row of pixels, providing a secondemission control signal concurrently to each sub-pixel of a second colorin at least the one row of pixels; and providing a third emissioncontrol signal concurrently to each sub-pixel of a third color in atleast the row of pixels.

While particular embodiments and applications of the present inventionhave been illustrated and described, it is to be understood that theinvention is not limited to the precise construction and compositionsdisclosed herein and that various modifications, changes, and variationscan be apparent from the foregoing descriptions without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

I claim:
 1. A display device comprising: an array of pixels, each pixelcomprising a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in a matrix; and a drivingcircuitry configured to provide an individual emission control signal toeach sub-pixel of each pixel in the array of pixels to independentlycontrol an emission time and a duty cycle of each sub-pixel, theemission time of said each sub-pixel is T_(r)*B_(full)/B_(mj), whereinT_(f) is a frame time of a frame, B_(full) is a brightness of thedisplay device when said each sub-pixel is on an optimized currentdensity during the frame time, and B_(mj) is a major brightness which is30% of a peak brightness of the display device; wherein each row of thearray of pixels is accessed twice during the frame time, the frameincluding a first subframe and a second subframe following the firstsubframe, the first subframe is divided into a first emission timeperiod and a first no emission time period following the first emissiontime period, and the second subframe is divided into a second emissiontime period and a second no emission time period following the secondemission time period; wherein the first emission time period isindicative of a first grayscale, the second emission time period isindicative of a second grayscale, and the second grayscale is higherthan the first grayscale.
 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein afirst emission control signal is provided concurrently to each sub-pixelof a first color in at least one row of pixels, a second emissioncontrol signal is provided concurrently to each sub-pixel of a secondcolor in at least the one row of pixels, and a third emission controlsignal is provided concurrently to each sub-pixel of a third color in atleast the one row of pixels.
 3. The display device of claim 2, whereinthe first color is red, the second color is green, and the third coloris blue.
 4. The display device of claim 2, wherein a fourth emissioncontrol signal is provided to each sub-pixel of a fourth color in the atleast the one row of pixels, wherein the fourth color is one of cyan,white, and yellow.
 5. The display device of claim 1, wherein theindividual emission control signal is a pulse-width-modulation (PWM)signal.
 6. The display device of claim 1, wherein each pixel and eachsub-pixel is a micro-light emitting device (LED).
 7. The display deviceof claim 2, wherein the first, second, and third emission controlsignals are enabled at a same time or a different time during a frametime.
 8. The display device of claim 6, wherein the first, second, andthird emission control signals are turned on and off one or more timesat a different duty cycle during the frame time.
 9. The display deviceof claim 1, wherein the emission time or the duty cycle for eachsub-pixel is dynamically adjusted to tune a display device color andoptimize power consumption.
 10. The display device of claim 9, whereinthe duty cycle is optimized for two range of grayscales to achieve alowest power consumption.
 11. The display device of claim 1, wherein aframe data is evaluated to find an optimized duty cycle and the emissiontime.
 12. The display device of claim 1, wherein an optimizationalgorithm is employed to calculate a global optimized value or a localoptimized value for the duty cycle or the emission time for eachsub-pixel.
 13. A method for controlling a pixel circuit of an array ofpixel circuits of a display device, the pixel circuit comprising aplurality of sub-pixels, the method comprising: providing an individualemission control signal to each sub-pixel of each pixel in the array ofpixel circuits independently to control an emission time and a dutycycle of the plurality of sub-pixels, the emission time of said eachsub-pixel is T_(f)*B_(full)/B_(mj), wherein T_(f) is a frame time of aframe, B_(full) is a brightness of the display device when said eachsub-pixel is on an optimized current density during the frame time, andB_(mj) is a major brightness which is 30% of a peak brightness of thedisplay device; accessing each row of the array of pixel circuits twiceduring the frame time, wherein the frame includes a first subframe and asecond subframe following the first subframe, the first subframe isdivided into a first emission time period and a first no emission timeperiod following the first emission time period, and the second subframeis divided into a second emission time period and a second no emissiontime period following the second emission time period, wherein the firstemission time period is indicative of a first grayscale, the secondemission time period is indicative of a second grayscale, and the secondgrayscale is higher than the first grayscale.
 14. The method of claim13, wherein the emission time or the duty cycle for each sub-pixel isdynamically adjusted to tune a display device color and optimize powerconsumption.
 15. The method of claim 13, wherein a frame data isevaluated to find an optimized duty cycle and the emission time.
 16. Themethod of claim 13, wherein an optimization algorithm is employed tocalculate a global optimized value or a local optimized value for theduty cycle or the emission time for each sub-pixel.
 17. The method ofclaim 13, wherein the duty cycle is optimized for two range ofgrayscales to achieve a lowest power consumption.
 18. The method ofclaim 13, wherein the individual emission control signal is apulse-width-modulation (PWM) signal.
 19. The method of claim 13, whereineach pixel and each sub-pixel is a micro-light emitting device (LED).20. The method of claim 13, further comprising: providing a firstemission control signal concurrently to each sub-pixel of a first colorin at least one row of pixels; providing a second emission controlsignal concurrently to each sub-pixel of a second color in the at leastone row of pixels; and providing a third emission control signalconcurrently to each sub-pixel of a third color in the at least one rowof pixels.